From about the 4th century certain psalms began to be grouped together, a process that was furthered by the monastic practice of daily reciting the 150 psalms. At first the president of the local church (bishop) or the leader of the choir chose a particular psalm as he thought appropriate. The first step in the evolution of the Breviary was the separation of the Psalter into a choir-book. In the early days of Christian worship the Sacred Scriptures furnished all that was thought necessary, containing as it did the books from which the lessons were read and the psalms that were recited. Regarding Daniel "Three times daily he was kneeling and offering prayers and thanks to his God" (Dan. 119:164), as well as, "the just man meditates on the law day and night" (Ps. Other inspiration may have come from David's words in the Psalms "Seven times a day I praise you" (Ps. The canonical hours of the Breviary owe their remote origin to the Old Covenant when God commanded the Aaronic priests to offer morning and evening sacrifices. Mary Stuart's personal breviary, which she took with her to the scaffold, is preserved in the National Library of Russia of St. In this connection it may be pointed out that in this sense the word, as it is used nowadays, is illogical it should be named a Plenarium rather than a Breviarium, since, liturgically speaking, the word Plenarium exactly designates such books as contain several different compilations united under one cover. The name has been extended to books which contain in one volume, or at least in one work, liturgical books of different kinds, such as the Psalter, the Antiphonary, the Responsoriary, the Lectionary, etc. 1073–1085) having abridged the order of prayers, and having simplified the Liturgy as performed at the Roman Court, this abridgment received the name of Breviary, which was suitable, since, according to the etymology of the word, it was an abridgment. The title Breviary, as we employ it-that is, a book containing the entire canonical office-appears to date from the 11th century. įrom such references, and from others of a like nature, Quesnel gathers that by the word Breviarium was at first designated a book furnishing the rubrics, a sort of Ordo. 1100 obtained a book titled Incipit Breviarium sive Ordo Officiorum per totam anni decursionem. Again, in the inventories in the catalogues, such notes as these may be met with: Sunt et duo cursinarii et tres benedictionales Libri ex his unus habet obsequium mortuorum et unus Breviarius, or, Præter Breviarium quoddam quod usque ad festivitatem S. In the Vita Aldrici occurs sicut in plenariis et breviariis Ecclesiæ ejusdem continentur. In an ancient inventory occurs Breviarium Antiphonarii, meaning "Extracts from the Antiphonary". Prudentius of Troyes, about the same period, composed a Breviarium Psalterii. In the 9th century, Alcuin uses the word to designate an office abridged or simplified for the use of the laity. In liturgical language specifically, "breviary" ( breviarium) has a special meaning, indicating a book furnishing the regulations for the celebration of Mass or the canonical Office, and may be met with under the titles Breviarium Ecclesiastici Ordinis, or Breviarium Ecclesiæ Romanæ. Breviarium fidei, Breviarium in psalmos, Breviarium canonum, Breviarium regularum. This wider sense has often been used by Christian authors, e.g. The Latin word breviarium generally signifies "abridgement, compendium". the Ambrosian Breviary, now confined to Milan, where it owes its retention to the attachment of the clergy and people to their traditionary usages, which they derive from St Ambrose.the Mozarabic Breviary, once in use throughout all Spain, but now confined to a single foundation at Toledo it is remarkable for the number and length of its hymns, and for the fact that the majority of its collects are addressed to God the Son.Exceptions are the Benedictines and Dominicans, who have breviaries of their own, and 1566–1572) imposed the use of the Roman Breviary, mainly based on the Breviarium secundum usum Romanae Curiae, on the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. In the course of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, Pope Pius V (r. The volume containing the daily hours of Catholic prayer was published as the Breviarium Romanum (Roman Breviary) from its editio princeps in 1568 under Pope Pius V until the reforms of Paul VI (1974), when it was largely supplanted by the Liturgy of the Hours. A liturgical book, it contains public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office (i.e., at the canonical hours, the Christians' daily prayer). The Roman Breviary ( Latin: Breviarium Romanum) is a breviary of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church. Breviary, ink, paint and gold on parchment third quarter 15th century ( Walters Art Museum).
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